• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A nozzle ring of an extruder for blowing tubular plastics film is divided into correcting sectors provided with adjusting elements. The thicknesses of the blown film are measured over the circumference thereof and a number of film sectors of equal cross-sectional area corresponding to the number of correcting sectors is established from the measured thicknesses. Assuming that the film sector of maximum or minimum thickness has been extruded in the correct position for the purpose of determining the correcting sector associated with the film sector, the subsequent film sectors of equal cross-sectional area are in turn allocated to successive correcting sectors. The throughput and cross-sectional area or temperature of the respective correcting sector is adjusted until the circumferential lengths of the film sectors are equal.
    公开号:SU995702A3
    申请号:SU802999192
    申请日:1980-10-29
    公开日:1983-02-07
    发明作者:Упмайер Хартмут；Клинге Герд；Винклер Герхард
    申请人:Виндмеллер Унд Хельшер (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to methods for adjusting the film thickness in an installation for producing a film by blowing with an extruder and can be used in the processing of plast-5 mass.
    A known method of controlling the thickness of the film on the installation of the film by blowing with an extruder equipped with a nozzle ring, divided by corrective sectors with actuators, and a calibration device, which consists in changing the position of the correcting sectors depending on the parameter characterizing the film thickness fl J.
    The disadvantage of this method is the low quality control of the film thickness. This is because the sectors of the blown film, the thickness of which is measured, cannot be immediately oriented with respect to the sectors on the nozzle ring from which they must be extruded, since individual sectors of the extruded and filled film sleeve receive an offset relative to the ring nozzles. This is due to the fact that thick sections of smaller sectors and thin sections of larger sectors that influence each other are located nearby. Therefore, it is impossible to immediately take into account the influence of the twisting of the film sleeve, which it receives as a result of the reverse winding of the film, when comparing individual film sectors with the corresponding sectors on the nozzle ring.
    The purpose of the invention is improving the accuracy of controlling the thickness of the film.
    This goal is achieved by the fact that according to the method of adjusting the film thickness on the installation of film production by blowing with an extruder equipped with a nozzle ring separated by corrective sectors with actuators, and a calibration device, which consists in changing the position of the correcting sectors depending on the parameter characterizing the film thickness, the film around the perimeter is divided into film. sectors of the same cross section, the number of which is equal to the number of correcting sectors, I accept a film sector with maximum or minimum thickness as correctly extruded, the other film sectors are matched in turn with adjustment sectors following that corresponding to a correctly extruded film sector, the productivity and cross-sectional area or temperature of the adjustment sectors are changed until the film sectors are equal cross section by cutting. values in the correcting sectors on the nozzle ring will not become equal in length / length.
    In addition, the circumference of a filled or flat-layed film sleeve is divided into film sectors of equal length, the number of which is at least equal to the number of adjustment sectors, measure the film thickness along the length of the film sectors, determine the average thickness of the film sectors, find the ratio of the average film thickness to the average thickness sectors, adjust the width of the corresponding film sectors according to the found values of the relations, summarize the corrected values of the width of the film sectors in thin or thick sections and the total amount is divided by the number of correction sectors, new average film thicknesses for film sectors are determined, compared with the correction sectors on the nozzle ring, and a control pulse for the actuators is determined. correctly oriented corrective sectors by the average values of the film thickness.
    Ze
    When the film is rewound, the film sector, accepted as correctly extruded, is compared with the corresponding correction sector on the nozzle ring during reverse rotation.
    At the same time, at the location of the film sectors with the minimum and maximum absolute deviations of the film thickness, half of the sector length is attributed to them on both sides, and the remaining sectors are introduced with lateral displacement.
    Correctly oriented film sectors are set in a certain position, and the remaining sectors are introduced with lateral displacement at equal maxima and / or minima.
    In FIG. i is schematically shown. installation for producing a film by blowing with a device for taking into account thickness deviations, side view; in FIG. 2 is a communication diagram of a measuring device and actuating elements. Comrade to adjust the nozzle gap; in FIG. 3 “. Graph of the thickness of the blown film depending on the size of the nozzle slit; in FIG. 4 is a graph of the conversion of the measured value for correct comparison with the correcting sectors on the nozzle ring.
    The drawings show a belt press 1, a connecting element 2, a blasting head 3, setting% film sleeve 5, a film hardening line 6, a calibration device 7> flat-lying plates 8, exhaust rolls 9, a flat belt 10, guide rollers 11, a reel 12, direction movement 13, measuring head 14, annular traverse 15 ”direction of movement 16, measuring line 17, instrument cabinet 18, diagram 19” connecting line 20, microprocessor 21, connecting lines 22, centering devices 23, diagram parts 24 and 25, lines 26 diagrams, converged lines 27 diagrams, diverged 28 and parallel 29 diagram lines.
    Installation and control system work as follows.
    The thermoplastic melt to be processed is fed by a belt press 1 through a connecting element 2 to the blasting head 3 of the installation 4, where it is converted into a new sleeve 5. At the level of the film hardening line, there is a scraper 7 ”which is / the diameter of the film sleeve and the width of the tape. Using flat-lying plates 8, the film sleeve 5 becomes flat, stretched through the exhaust rollers 9 and subsequent reversing rollers, and then in the form of a flat ribbon 10 along the guide rollers 11 it is fed to a stationary installation 6, the quenching also leaves the winder 12 and wound on it.
    - Above the calibration device 7 is located the measuring head 14 on the annular traverse 15, and the movement of the head 14 occurs in the direction of movement 16 (Fig. 1) by + 360 °. The movement of the measuring head 14 compensates for the twisting of the film sleeve, which occurs due to 10 reverse winding of the film, so that the thickness is measured around the entire circumference of the film sleeve 5 · The measuring head 14 for measuring the elementary film thickness can be located, for example, also in position 14 * adjacent to the flat plates 8, or behind the reversible exhaust rollers 9 on the edge of the flat tape 10 at position 14 **, and in the latter case, the double film thickness is measured, which with sufficient accuracy can be used as the measured value of the thickness of a simply lying film tape, 25 since the measurement is performed at the edge where there are no peak changes in the film thickness. The thickness measurement over the entire circumference of the film sleeve is made taking into account its twisting j © due to the reverse film removal.
    The measuring signal from the measuring head 14 on. measuring line 17 with cable loop 17 ', which will allow reverse movement, is sent to the instrument cabinet 18 to display the thickness profile and register them on the diagram 19 of the allowable thicknesses.
    The measuring signal is connected via a connecting line 20 to a microprocessor 21, which converts this signal accordingly and sends a command to move the actuators or centering devices 23 ... 23 P along the connecting lines 22 f , 22 .... 22 p .
    The measuring signal after a cycle of measurements around the circumference of the film, which on the instruments of the cabinet 18 is presented in the form of a diagram 19 ″ is divided by a microprocessor 21 into a certain number of measuring sectors Xp, which have equal angle and length. Immediately after this, according to the measured thickness values 55, in the Xp change sectors, the average film thickness S * of each film sector or measurement sector is displayed, with thin sections represented as parts of the diagram with average values of 24 ', and thick sections as parts of the diagram with average values 25 *. It is advisable that the number of sector measurements Xp be several times larger (mainly four times) the number of correcting sectors X * on the nozzle ring.
    When transferring data to a circle line spanning 360 °, the values received for the calculations are analyzed in a dimensionless form as follows.
    In the volumetric analysis, it can be found that the lines 26 G , ... 26 * are diagrams that delimit the correcting sectors X k or pass along their middle, in the thickness distribution region for thick sections pass as converged lines 27> and at the location on the diagram thin sections - as diverged lines 28 (Fig. 3) when casting. <to the uniform diameter of the film. In the region of zero deviations of the film thicknesses, these lines are presented in the form of parallel lines 29, which, due to adjacent .4 thick and thin sections, pass with an inclination.
    The film sectors with the largest absolute values of thick and thin sections are correctly positioned relative to certain corrective sectors on the nozzle ring. Corrective sectors should be understood as film sectors extruded from the corrective sectors on the nozzle ring. Neighboring sectors located between sectors with thick or thin sections in absolute value are distributed with lateral displacement between sections with maximum or minimum deviation.
    As a result of the analysis, the following relationships are obtained: ’(1>
    (2) g *
    Ex f »X K) (3) where Vp is the film volume over all X p film sectors., Length and width 1;
    S m is the average film thickness as a whole;
    Ί
    Χρ is the number of film sectors, sector width = 1;
    is the average film thickness in the film sector Хр ·, Хр is the adjusted width of the film sector Хр> 1 for S x > S mi = 1 at 5 X = E t and <1 for S x <5 t
    X to - the number of adjustment sectors, the width of the sector = 1.
    When considering, for example, only thin sections, the microprocessor random access memory processes data according to the following principle:
    5x4S m - memory is open; $ cP 2 Y ' , <S m ~ the corrected values of the width X a are accumulated
    1, 2, 3, ·. ·;
    S ^ = min - the sector b is remembered. as correctly located (after the cessation of accumulation);
    S ^ 2 y. <S m - the corrected | 5 double values of the width Xpt1 are accumulated,
    2,3 f ···;
    ^ X = S (n data writing to memory stops.
    For thick sections, the same mode of operation of the microprocessor storage device is observed. It corresponds to the following programming steps.
    The microprocessor 21 primarily processes the partial values of the average thicknesses S x , the film sectors of the parts 24 'and 25' of the diagram.
    At the next stage the corrected widths XR film sectors X F, from equation (2) and are summarized as thin portions 24 minutes, and the thick portions 25.
    The total sum of the adjusted values of Xp, which corresponds to a circular arc of 360 °, immediately after that is divided by X to the correcting sectors.
    Thick sections of the film are oriented with respect to sector 3, and thin sections are oriented with respect to sector 10 and protrude beyond the circle line (Figs. 3 and 4).
    In the corrected sectors X "thus established (Fig. 4), new average values of the thickness XII of the thickness 5 * are formed, which specify the size of the control pulses for the corresponding centering devices or actuators 23 ·
    Since with a gradual improvement in the profile of thickness deviations, the pronounced minimum or maximum deviations are gradually reduced to zero, it is preferable to set the correctly located film sectors at lower lower or maximum deviations then to a certain position, and the remaining measurement sectors with lateral displacement using microprocessor 21.
    When establishing a uniformly distributed nozzle slit width, various deviations of the film thickness are obtained due to uneven temperature or melt viscosity. Thick sections appear in the region of lower temperatures or higher melt viscosity. Thin spots appear in areas of higher temperatures or lower viscosity. Different viscosities affect the transverse stretching of the blown film so that thin sections stretch more strongly than thick ones due to lower viscosity, so higher viscosity of thick sections prevents them from stretching. However, different transverse tensile forces acting in different film sectors do not affect the thickness profile, which follows from volume analysis. Their influence can be eliminated by introducing correction coefficients in determining the adjusted values of the width Хр, as a result of which the width of thick sections slightly increases, and the width of thin sections slightly decreases.
    As the centering devices 23 for the adjustment sectors on the nozzle ring, for example, centering screws driven by an electric motor can be used, which, due to their design features, make it possible to carry out relatively coarse regulation. In addition, such a regulatory system is subject to wear.
    More convenient are the heating or cooling sectors, which allow a narrower distribution around the circumference of the nozzle ring. The advantage of this design is the absence of wear.
    The principle of sector-by-sector cooling can provide a centering effect, since first of all thin sections are eliminated, after which, by automatically adjusting the winding speed (average film thickness), new (smaller) thin sections are obtained, which are then automatically adjusted again, since thick sections are also gradually being eliminated. However, to eliminate thick sections, heating sectors can be used, thanks to which 1® deviations can be more quickly achieved.
    The accuracy of measurements and regulation is greater, the higher the ratio of the sect to the measurements of the corrective sectors 1
    As soon as the deviations of the thickness approach the zero value, the lines 2b t , .. ·, 26 - in dimensionless coordinates become almost parallel. In this case, the introduction of 20 reusable elements into the installation for blowing the film (into the blowing head or into the device for winding the film) is not required, since the achieved quality of the roll satisfies the conditions for subsequent processing of the film. The usual centering of the nozzle ring can be discarded, since it can be carried out motionless.
    Thus, the proposed method allows for better regulation of the film thickness.
    权利要求:
    Claims (3)
    [1]
    3, depending on the parameter characterizing the thickness of the film, the perimeter of the strip is divided into film sectors of the same cross section, the number of which is equal to the number of correcting sectors, taking the film sector with the maximum or minimum thickness as correctly extruded, are compared in turn other film sectors with corrective sectors following the one that corresponds to a properly extruded film sector change the productivity and cross-sectional area of the silt temperature correction sectors as long as film sectors of equal cross-section is reduced. In the corrective sectors on the ring nozzles, they will not be equal in length. In addition, the circumference of a filled or flat-lying film sleeve is divided into film sectors of equal length, the number of which is at least equal to the number of correction sectors, the thickness of the film is measured along the length of the film sectors, the average thickness of the film sectors is determined, the ratio of the average thickness is determined film to the average values of the thickness of the sectors, adjust the width of the corresponding film sectors by the found values of the relations, summarize the corrected values of the width of the film sects chunks in thin or thick sections and the total amount divided by the number of correction sectors, determine new average film thickness for film sectors, compared with correction sectors on the nozzle ring, determine the control pulse for actuators of correctly oriented correction sectors average film thickness. When reversing a film, the film sector, taken as a properly extruded film, is compared with the corresponding correction sector on the nozzle ring during reverse rotation. At the same time, at the location of the film sectors with the minimum Imaximal absolute values of the deviations of the film thickness, they are attributed on both sides along half a sector length 2, and the remaining sectors are introduced with lateral displacement. Properly oriented film sectors are set to a certain position, and the remaining sectors are introduced with lateral displacement with equivalent maxima and / or minima. Fig 1 is schematically shown. an apparatus for producing a blown film with a device for measuring thickness deviations, side view; in fig. 2 is a communication diagram of the measuring device and the actuating elements. com for correcting the tip gap; in fig. 3 -. a graph of the thickness of the blown film versus the size of the nozzle gap; in fig. 4 is a graph of the conversion of the measured value for correct comparison with the correction sectors on the nozzle ring. The drawings show a belt press 1, a connecting element 2, a blow head 3, installation 4, a film sleeve 5, a film hardening line 6, a calibration device 7, flat plates 8, exhaust rollers 9, a flat belt 10, guide rollers II, a winder 12 , direction of movement 13, measuring head 1, annular yoke IS, direction of movement 16, measuring line 17, instrument cabinet 18, diagram 19, connecting line 20, microprocessor 21, connecting lines 22, centering devices 23, parts 2k and 25 of the diagram, lines 26 diagrams, converged lines 27 diagrams, diverged 28 and parallel 23 lines of diagrams. Installation and control system work as follows. The thermoplastic melt to be processed is fed by a belt press f through connecting element 2 to the blow head 3 of unit k, where it is converted to film sleeve 5. At the level of film solidification line 6, a calibration device 7 is placed which sets the diameter of the film sleeve as well as the width of the tape. With the help of flat-lying plates 8, the film sleeve 5 becomes flat, stretches through the exhaust rollers 9 and the subsequent reversing rollers, and then, in the form of a flat ribbon 10, guides the rollers 11 to the stationary mounted winder 12 and winds on it. - A measuring head I is located above the calibration device 7 on the annular yoke 15, and the movement of the head 14 occurs in the direction of movement 16 (Fig. 1) on. The movement of the measuring head k compensates for the twist of the film sleeve, which occurs as a result of reversing the film so that the thickness is measured around the entire circumference of the film sleeve. The measuring head 14 for measuring the elemental film thickness can be positioned, for example, also at position 14, side 4 of flat plates 8, or behind the reversing exhaust rollers 9 on the edge of the flat tape 10 at position 14, and in the latter case the double film thickness is measured, which with sufficient accuracy can It is not used as the measured thickness of a merely lying film tape, since the measurement is taken at the edge where there are no peak changes in the film thickness. The thickness measurement along the entire circumference of the film is made taking into account its twisting due to the reverse removal of the film. Measuring signal from measuring head 14 through. The measuring line 17 s. of the cable loop 17, which allows the reversal movement to be performed, is directed to the instrument cabinet 18 to display the thickness profile readings and record them on the diagram 19 of the allowed gugs. A measuring signal via the connecting line 20 is inputted into the microprocessor 21, which converts this signal accordingly and sends a command to move the actuators or centering devices 23 ... 23 via the connecting lines 22, 22, ... 22 around the circumference of the film, which on the devices of cabinet 18 is represented in the form of diagram 19, is divided by a microprocessor 21 into a certain number of measuring sectors Xp, which have an equal angle and length. Immediately thereafter, respectively, the measured thicknesses in the sectors of change in X, the average film thickness Sj 1 of each film sector 9 2 or the measurement sector is output, with thin sections represented as parts of the dia | frame with average values 24, and thick sections as parts , diagrams with average values of 25 It is advisable that the number of Xp measurement sectors be several times greater (mainly four times) the number of correction sectors Xj on the nozzle ring. When transferring data to the circle line covering the BWO, the values supplied for the calculation are analyzed in a dimensionless form as follows. In volumetric analysis, it can be found that lines 26, ... 26 of the diagram, which delimit correction sectors X, or pass along their middle, in the thickness distribution area for thick sections, pass as converged lines 27i and at the location on the diagram thin sections - like diverged lines 28 (fig. 3) when casting. uniform diameter of the film. In the area of zero deviations of film thickness, these lines are represented as parallel lines 29, which are due to adjacent lines. thick and thin sections are inclined. The film sectors with the largest in absolute value thick and thin sections are correctly positioned with respect to certain correcting sectors on the nozzle ring. Correction sectors should be understood as film sectors extruded in corrective sectors on the nozzle ring. Neighboring sectors located between sectors with thick or thin sections in absolute value are distributed with lateral displacement between areas with maximum or minimum deviation. As a result of the analysis, the following relationships are obtained:. m XK. (3) Film volume over all X p film sectors., length and width 1; average; 1 film thickness in general; number of film sectors, sector 1 width; average film thickness in the film sector Xp; corrected width of the foam sector at Sj (1 at 5x 1 at X (- number of corrective sectors, width of sector 1. When considering, for example, only thin sections, the microprocessor's random access memory processes the data according to the following principle: the memory is open; ( 1.2, accumulation is accumulated; corrected values of width Xa 1, 2, 3, ...; - sector b is remembered as correctly located (after stopping accumulation); W. accumulate correct | k (bathroom widths Xp with 1 2, 3,. ..; writing data to the memory stops. The thickest sections follow the same operation mode of the microprocessor's storage device. It corresponds to the following programming steps. The microprocessor 21 processes primarily the partial values of the average thickness of 5 film sectors of the sections and 25 diagrams. In the next step, the corrected Xr widths of the film sectors Xp are determined. according to equation (2) and summarizes both thin sections and thick sections 25. The general Ummah of the corrected Xp values, which corresponds to the arc of the circle ZbO °, directly but after that it is divided into X correcting sectors. Thick areas of the film are oriented with respect to sector 3, and these are with respect to sector 10 and step beyond the circumference line (Fig. 3 and 4). In the Hz sectors thus established, the corresponding average thickness Sf is formed, which shows the size of the control pulses for the corresponding centering devices or actuators 2328. As with the gradual improvement of the thickness deviation profile, the pronounced minimum and maximum deviations are gradually reduced to zero, then correctly arranged film sectors with the resulting lower values of the minimum or maximum deviation are preferably set position and the rest of the measurement sectors with lateral displacement using a microprocessor 21. When an equally distributed nozzle gap is established, various deviations of film thickness are due to irregular temperatures or melt viscosity. Thick areas appear melt viscosities. Thin spots appear in zones of higher temperatures or lower viscosities. Different viscosities affect the transverse stretching of the blown film so that the thin areas stretch more strongly than the thick ones due to the lower viscosity, thus the higher the viscosity of the thick areas prevents their stretching. However, the various transverse stretching forces acting in different film sectors do not affect the thickness profile, which follows from the volumetric analysis. Their influence can be eliminated by introducing correction factors when determining the corrected Xp width, as a result of which the width of the thick sections increases slightly, and the width of the thin sections decreases slightly. As centering devices 23 for correction sectors on the nozzle ring, for example, motor-driven centering screws can be used, which, due to their design features, make it possible to carry out relatively coarse adjustment. In addition, such a control system is subject to wear. More convenient are the heating or cooling sectors, which allow a narrower distribution of the nozzle ring over oKpj / ring. The advantage of this design is the absence of wear. The centering effect can be achieved by the principle of sector-based cooling, since, first of all, eliminating thin sections of the 9995 idrcfl, then by (a) automatically adjusting the winding speed (average film thickness), new (smaller) thin sections are obtained, which then again 5 are automatically adjusted, since in this way, thick areas are also gradually eliminated. However, to eliminate thick areas, heating sectors can be used, thanks to which alignment of deviations is achieved faster. The accuracy of measurements and adjustment is the greater, the higher the ratio of measurement sectors and i-s and corrective sectors. As soon as the thickness deviations approach zero, the lines 26, ..., 26 in the dimensionless coordinates become practically parallel. In this case, the insertion of the reversible elements into the film blowing unit (into the blow head or into the film unwinder) is not required, since the quality of the coil achieved satisfies yc catches of subsequent film processing. The usual centering of the nozzle ring can be refused, since it can be stationary. Thus, the proposed method allows for better control of the film thickness. Claim 1. A method of adjusting the film thickness at a film-producing unit by blow molding with an extruder equipped with a ring of nozzles separated by correction sectors with actuators and a calibration device consisting in changing the position of the correction sectors depending on the parameter characterizing the film thickness differing from that, in order to increase the accuracy of the film thickness control, the film along the perimeter is divided into film sectors of the same cross section, which is equal to the number of correcting sectors, taking the film sector with maximum or minimum thickness as a properly extruded one, matching the other film sectors in turn with the correcting sectors following the one that corresponds to the correctly extruded film sector, changing the performance and the cross-sectional area or temperature adjusting sectors as long as film sectors of equal cross section, which are contracted in correction sectors on the nozzle ring, e become equal in length.
    [2]
    2. The method of claim I, in which the circumference of the filled or flat-lying film sleeve is divided into film sectors of equal length, the number of which is at least equal to the number of correction sectors, measure the film thickness the length of the film sectors, determine the average value of the thickness of the foam sectors, find the ratios of the average film thickness to the average values of the thickness of the sectors, determine the adjustment of the width of the corresponding film sectors according to the found values of the relations, summarize the corrected The widths of the film sectors in thin or thick sections and the total amount are divided by the number of correction sectors, the new average film thickness for film sectors compared with the correction sectors on the nozzle ring is determined, the control pulse for actuators of correctly oriented corrective sectors for average film thickness.
    [3]
    3. The method according to claim 1, which is also distinguished by the fact that when reversing the winding of the film, the film sector, taken as properly extruded, is. compared with the corresponding correction sector on the nozzle ring with a corresponding reverse rotation. ft. The method of claim 2, wherein the location of the film sectors with the minimum and maximum absolute values of the deviations of the film thickness to them is attributed on both sides half the length of the sector, and the remaining sectors enter with lateral displacement. 5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the correctly oriented film sectors are set to a certain position, and the remaining sectors are introduced with side mixing at equal maxima and / or minima. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1.Patent of Germany N 2019, class B 29 D 7/0, published, 1975 (prototype).
    s.p-1
    Y.
    //// l.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US4339403A|1982-07-13|
    FI803644L|1981-05-24|
    JPS5699628A|1981-08-11|
    FR2470669B1|1984-06-08|
    IT1133931B|1986-07-24|
    BR8007399A|1981-05-26|
    FR2470669A1|1981-06-12|
    FI74234C|1988-01-11|
    GB2065930B|1983-10-05|
    DE2947293C2|1983-09-15|
    GB2065930A|1981-07-01|
    JPS6311131B2|1988-03-11|
    CH650972A5|1985-08-30|
    FI74234B|1987-09-30|
    DE2947293A1|1981-05-27|
    CA1147916A|1983-06-14|
    IT8025384D0|1980-10-16|
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    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE2947293A|DE2947293C2|1979-11-23|1979-11-23|Process for regulating the film thickness on a blown film extruder|
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